INTRODUCTION
PageSat Netnews Data Broadcast System
The PageSat(tm) HS 2000 satellite data terminal and PageSat netnews service is the intelligent and convenient way for internet service providers, BBS operators and organizations to receive a virtually complete Netnews feed. The new PageSat HS 2000 Satellite Data Terminal and Service is faster, [115.2 KBPS], and more reliable than most terrestrial methods. The service is like having a 128K dedicated leased line just for news.
The PageSat(tm) HS 2000 system is a smart investment. It will save you time, money, and eliminate the hassle of managing multiple news feeds. You receive a fast, current news feed that is valuable to your customers and/or users. If you are an ISP, (Internet Service Provider), It will give you a competitive advantage over other providers who do not maintain a fast, current feed. No one appreciates old news.
Without PageSat, your site has to:
- Stay connected to a provider for hours daily to download news
from various sites. A full news feed from one or two sites will
swamp a dedicated 56K leased line.
- Pay for more machine and Disk I/O bandwidth to handle more
feeds and increased inbound traffic.
- Waste time managing incoming feeds, track down new
newsgroups, and request them from other providers.
- Use valuable and expensive machine resources to remove duplicate articles. [From over 400,000 articles we received each day, filtering for duplicates leaves 150,000].
With NCIT's PageSat Netnews Data Broadcast system:
- You eliminate costly dial-up UUCP and extra charges for more
bandwidth, AND the hassles of managing news feeds
- RECEIVE a complete real-time NETNEWS feed 24 hours a
day, including all the Usenet news hierarchies. Over 350
megs+ each day from some 18,000 news groups. RECEIVE
multiple NNTP news feeds --- PageSat's service collects data
from over 20 NNTP newsfeeds. some of which are major
backbone feeds such as DEC-WRL and CERFNET.
- Post your outgoing messages directly to the PageSat news
machine for immediate transmission via satellite to other
PageSat service members as well as other Netnews sites
via the Internet.
- RECEIVE Fidonet and Filebone with a fast, reliable backbone
connection.
- RECEIVE E-MAIL for your site, your customers and for
downstream sites at no added cost. Pay a one-time fee of $50
to register your site with a subdomain name, for example:
"users@yoursite.ncit.com"
- The PageSat system is secure. No one can break into your system through the satellite link. This makes it ideal for high security installations (that cannot allow physical network or telephone links into the host system).
The PageSat service utilizes NClT's owned and operated uplink facility in Hayward, California. The netnews signal is multiplexed with other NCIT data feeds and up-converted to a transponder on GE Americom's Ku-band K2 domestic satellite. The news stream is broadcast to the entire continental United States, parts of southern Canada and northern Mexico.
The PageSat file format is supported by most network news packages such as Cnews INN etc. in addition to most popular BBS software packages.
The standard Unix program, PageSat PSNEWS, processes netnews and places it in an incoming spool directory on your news machine. There are also various third party software packages available.
The PageSat DOS software, PSREC.EXE, through the use of a configuration file, will allow you to place Usenet news, Fidonet, E-mail and other services in their own separate and unique directories. This allows for easy integration and hand-off to other applications and/or programs.
Before commencing with installation of your PageSat HS2000, it's good to take a moment to look over the system and understand what is needed to get a data signal from your receiver. The most vital portion of your installation is to get your dish precisely pointed at the satellite. It's possible to receive clean data without the antenna receiving maximum available signal. The price you will pay is a loss of fade margin and unnecessary attenuation of signals during rain.
The azimuth (relative to True North) and elevation above horizontal are commonly referred to as LOOK ANGLE. This information is provided in appendix A, B and C for your installation location.
If you have just unpacked the PageSat HS2000, look over the controls and indicators on the front and rear panels. DESCRIPTION
The group of lamps on the front are arranged in a mode of green-OK
and red-trouble.
The group of three lamps on the left indicate if the PageSat
HS2000 is properly powering and LNB. If it is not, one of the red
lamps will tell if the coax is shorted or if it is disconnected. The single
exception to this is in multiple receiver installations. If multiple
receivers are connected to a single dish, the only receiver showing
"normal" will be the one actually supplying power to the LNB. Other
receivers will have the OPEN lamp illuminated.
Check both Connectors on each end of the cable for a short.
This could also indicate failure of the LNB on the dish,
however this is very Rare.
The SIGNAL lamp lights when a data subcarrier is received and
should always be on during operation. The DATA lamp is activated
by the received data stream and lights whenever data is being
received. The FAULT lamp blinks whenever the subcarrier signal is
lost.
The CARRIER meter setting is determined by where you set the
meter adjustment on the rear panel. It is used to indicate a change in
received signal level.
A two position switch selects the operation of the variable-pitch
"squealer". In the TONE position, it functions as an aid to aiming the
antenna at the satellite. The dish is pointed to give the highest tone
frequency. The tone is also affected by the setting of the METER
adjustment. The tone is audible when your subcarrier is detected.
Thus if you are pointed at a wrong satellite, the meter will peak, but
the squealer will not sound.
The METER adjust lets you compensate for different length cable
runs and to set the carrier meter on the front panel to a readable
range. There is no "correct" setting for the meter. Most users set
it for an easily remembered number and watch thereafter for a
departure from that setting (indicating dish movement etc.). On very
long cable runs, it is normal to not be able to set the meter to a high
scale reading.
+24 VDC IN - This is an optional 24volt volt DC power input.
120 VAC/25 WATTS - Main Power, 120 Volts AC three
conductor cord
Before the antenna can be installed, a site survey must be performed.
This is to determine the best location for the antenna based on the
direction it will be pointed and the need to avoid obstructions in the
signal path.
Appendix B contains a table of major cities and their associated
locations in latitude and longitude. These coordinates
have been rounded to the nearest degree since the
procedure for finding the satellite and initial alignment
of the dish does not require a high degree of precision.
Appendix C contains a table of location coordinates (latitude and
longitude) and antenna look angles (azimuth and
elevation) for the K2 satellite. The azimuth can be
found directly with a compass since the magnetic
bearing to true bearing correction has already been
applied to the table.
2. Using the table in Appendix C, find the latitude and longitude
which are the closest match for the coordinates found in Step
1. Note the corresponding azimuth and elevation. These are
the antenna look angles.
2. Looking at the table in Appendix C, the closest match for the
latitude and longitude found in Step 1 is Latitude 35 and
Longitude 120. This corresponds to the antenna look angles
of azimuth 107 and elevation 32.
The following factors should be considered when selecting a location
for the antenna.
2. The location should be selected so that the feedline from the dish
to the final installation point of the PageSat HS2000 is no
longer than 200 feet. Line amplifiers or higher performance
feedline may be used to increase this distance.
3. The location should also allow the PageSat HS2000 to be
temporarily placed near the dish for alignment purposes. This
will be discussed in greater detail in the antenna alignment
section which follows.
Once the best antenna location has been determined, the antenna
should be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Before attempting to align the dish, make sure the receiver controls
are set to the following initial positions:
2. Set switch to "Tone" position.
3. Connect coax cable from the LNB to SAT DISH/LNB on the rear
panel.
4. Plug in AC power cord.
Use the following procedure to acquire and optimize the satellite
signal:
The antenna beamwidth is very narrow, [on the order of 2 degrees
or less], especially for the larger diameter dishes. This can make
it difficult to effect initial satellite signal acquisition. The
difficulty is further magnified when the receiver is not placed at
the antenna and indirect communication takes place between a receiver
operator and the antenna technician. The performance of systems
aligned using the latter method has been less satisfactory.
2. Secure the dish and check the meter to make sure nothing has
moved.
3. Connect the permanent coax cable between the LNB and the
operating location of the PageSat HS2000.
4. If no signal or signal change occurs, try a different polarization
setting by rotating the LNB/Feed assembly either clockwise or
counter-clockwise approximately 90 degrees and repeat Steps 1
and 2. A specific polarization can be found which completely nulls
the received signal. If this happened to be the initial setting of the
LNB, this step will correct the condition.
5. Re-peak the azimuth and elevation and listen for a maximum
frequency tone and indication on the meter.
6. Adjust the antenna polarization by rotating the LNB/Feed
assembly either clockwise or counterclockwise for the strongest
signal as indicated by the highest frequency test tone and meter
indication.
7. When the optimum antenna position has been found, permanently
tighten down the antenna and LNB/Feed assembly bolts.
8. This completes the antenna alignment procedures.
RS-232 - 9 pin male "D" connector, Pin 2 is data, Pin 5 is ground, Pin
9 is clock [not used]
The PageSat HS2000 receiver is designed for table top operation.
There must be adequate space around the unit to allow good air
circulation near the ventilation holes. A clean dry location is
preferred. In some cases the receiver may be susceptible to strong
magnetic fields. Where possible, avoid installing the receiver near
power supplies or other sources of strong AC magnetic fields.
As a general rule, RG-6 cable can be used for distances up to 200
feet or so. For longer runs, use RG-11 or a similar low DC resistance
cable. For long cable runs, line amplifiers can be installed. If the
SIGNAL lamp is not absolutely solid, don't try to run the system
without additional measures. If your installation is in a heavy RF field,
such as around high powered broadcast transmitters, we recommend
a 100% shield cable such as Belden 9060. All outdoor connections
should be weatherized with RTV, CoaxSeal or other appropriate
methods. Note -- Cable must have a braid, even if it has a foil outer
conductor because the cable must be capable of carrying power to
your LNB as well as bring signal from it.
Once the dish is properly aimed (See Page 10 in the manual), and
good signal-to-noise performance is achieved, the antenna has been
peaked. The signal light is green. The system is now aligned. The
data light should intermittently go on and off as data is received and
outputted to the RS-232 connector on the rear of the receiver.
Please see information and documentation included on the
readme file on the disk.
The Newsreader file for UNIX users can be retrieved via FTP.
FTP to "pagesat.net". The newsreader files are in the directory
"FTP/pub/satellite".
Product update information and announcements are posted to
the PageSat news group - biz.pagesat To get the latest
information on the PageSat HS2000 system and Usenet News
service, subscribe to biz.pagesat. This group can also be used
for non-emergency technical support questions as well.
SOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Dept. of Commerce for geographic positions.
Source for Canadian cities: Geodetic Survey of Canada, Dept of Energy, Mines and Resource.
Latitude: Latitude degrees North
Longitude: Longitude degrees West
AZ: Azimuth heading, direct compass reading
EL: Elevation in degrees. Direct reading
LATITUDE LONGITUDE AZIMUTH ELEVATION
DESCRIPTION
FRONT PANEL
INDICATORS - LNB/CABLE
INDICATORS - SIGNAL STATUS
REAR PANEL
INSTALLATION
SITE PREPARATION
Determining Antenna Look Angles
Appendix A contains a table of K2 satellite look angles for
selected cities.
Procedure
1. Using the table in Appendix B, find the city where the
PageSat HS2000 system is to be installed and note its
latitude and longitude. If the city is not listed, choose a city
within approximately 100 miles of the system location.
Example
1. In this example a PageSat HS2000 system is to be installed
at the NCIT headquarters in Hayward, CA. Looking at the table
in Appendix B, Hayward cannot be found. The closest city is
San Jose at Latitude 37, Longitude 121.
Selecting the Antenna Location
1. A clear line of sight to the satellite based on the look angles
obtained from the tables must be established. Trees, buildings,
utilities or any physical obstructions will cause signal losses.
The site should also be chosen to minimize the possibility of
obstruction from future tree growth or construction projects.
PAGESAT HS2000 DATA RECEIVER SETUP
Initial Control Settings
Front Panel
Rear Panel
1. Meter adjusted fully clockwise.
Aligning the Antenna for Maximum Signal Strength
PageSat HS2000 Antenna Alignment
1. For antenna alignment the PageSat HS2000 receiver must be
temporarily placed close to the dish so the technician aiming the
antenna can see the front panel meter and hear the alignment test
tone. Loosen the bolts which allow movement of the dish in
azimuth and elevation but leave them tight enough so that it will
retain its position. In a similar fashion, loosen the bolts which
allow the LNB/Feed assembly to rotate. Point the dish in the
general direction of the satellite and slowly pan in a horizontal
direction, then gradually vary the vertical position while continuing
to pan. As you encounter the signal, the pitch of the squealer will
rise. In addition the SIGNAL indicator light should be 'on'. If the
SIGNAL indicator light remains off' you are pointing at the wrong
satellite. Adjust for highest frequency (and/or highest meter
reading). If the meter goes off scale turn the meter adjustment
control on the receiver rear panel counterclockwise slightly.
CABLE REQUIREMENTS
Permanent Installation and Final Adjustments
PageSat HS2000 Mounting Considerations
COAX Cable Considerations
OPERATION
USENET NEWS SOFTWARE
DOS USER - NETNEWS SOFTWARE
UNIX USER - NEWSREADER SOFTWARE
BIZ.PAGESAT - PageSat Usenet News Group
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
K2 LOOK ANGLES FOR SELECTED CITIES
United States of America
State City AZ Magnet Compass Elevation
Variation Heading
AL Birmingham 171.8 -2.0 169.8 50.8
AK Anchorage 109.4 109.4 2.2
AZ Phoenix 133.9 -13.0 120.9 40.2
AR Little Rock 162.6 -6.0 156.6 48.7
CA San Francisco 125.8 -16.0 109.8 30.3
CA Los Angeles 127.5 -15.0 112.5 35.6
CO Denver 146.7 -12.0 134.7 38.7
CT Hartford 194.3 14.0 208.3 40.6
DE Wilmington 190.6 8.0 198.6 43.3
FL Miami 185.8 185.8 59.4
GA Atlanta 176.3 -1.0 175.3 50.7
HI Honolulu 94.6 94.6 5.4
ID Boise 135.6 -18.0 117.6 29.7
IL Chicago 172.3 -1.0 171.3 41.4
IN Indianapolis 173.8 173.8 43.9
IA Des Moines 163.3 -6.0 157.3 40.7
KS Wichita 156.3 -9.0 147.3 43.8
KY Louisville 174.6 174.6 45.6
LA Baton Rouge 160.1 -5.0 155.1 53.4
ME Banger 198.8 18.0 216.8 44.0
MA Boston 196.2 15.0 211.2 39.7
MI Grand Rapid 175.1 1.0 176.1 39.2
MN St. Paul 164.8 -5.0 159.8 37.2
MS Jackson 165.7 -5.0 160.7 51.6
MO Kansas City 161.0 -10.0 151.0 43.2
MT Great Falls 143.0 -18.0 125.0 28.9
NE Great Islan 156.5 -9.0 147.5 40.2
NV Las Vegas 132.2 -14.0 118.2 36.0
NH Manchester 195.7 15.0 210.7 39.0
NJ Trenton 191.6 9.0 200.6 42.7
NM Albuqurque 141.8 -12.0 129.8 42.1
NY Syracuse 188.9 11.0 199.9 39.8
NC Durham 186.0 4.0 190.0 48.0
ND Bismark 155.2 -12.0 143.2 33.4
OH Columbus 179.0 2.0 181.0 43.7
OK Oklahoma City 155.0 -9.0 146.0 46.0
OR Eugene 138.6 -19.0 119.6 25.5
PA Pittsburg 183.6 7.0 190.6 43.1
RI Providence 196.1 14.0 210.1 40.3
SC Columbia 182.6 2.0 184.6 50.4
SD Rapid City 151.1 -12.0 139.1 35.0
TN Nashville 172.7 -2.0 170.7 47.8
TX Abilene 149.7 -9.0 140.7 48.1
UT Salt Lake City 139.5 -15.0 124.5 33.5
VT Montpelier 193.7 15.0 208.7 38.0
VA Charlottville 186.3 6.0 192.3 45.7
WV Charleston 179.0 3.0 182.0 45.5
WI Eau Claire 167.0 -4.0 163.0 37.7
Canada
Province City AZ Magnet Compass Elevation
Variation Heading
AL Calgary 141.1 -20.0 121.1 24.7
AL Edmonton 142.8 -21.0 121.8 22.8
BC Vancouver 131.1 -23.0 108.1 21.9
MA Winnipeg 160.7 -9.0 151.7 31.3
NB Fredericton 202.7 20.0 222.7 34.4
NF St. Johns 217.2 24.0 241.2 28.1
NS Halafax 205.8 205.8 35.1
ON Toronto 184.1 13.0 197.1 39.5
PE Charlottown 205.4 205.4 33.3
PQ Montreal 192.2 14.0 206.2 36.8
SA Regina 152.0 152.0 28.7
SA Saskatoon 150.1 150.1 26.4
Mexico
City AZ Magnet Compass Elevation
Variation Heading
Cancun 165.3 165.3 64.7
Guadalajara 131.3 -9.0 122.3 55.4
Hermosillo 129.3 -11.0 118.3 44.3
Mexico City 138.1 -8.0 130.1 59.9
Monterey 144.1 -8.0 136.1 54.2
The Islands
Country City AZ Magnet Compass Elevation
Variation Heading
Bahamas Nassau 192.1 192.1 60.7
Barbados Bridgtown 241.3 241.3 58.7
Dom. Rep. Santo Dom. 215.4 215.4 63.7
Jamaica Kingston 199.0 199.0 67.7
Puerto Rico San Juan 212.0 212.0 63.2
Trinidad Port Spain 244.2 244.2 62.1
Virgin I. St. Thomas 225.0 225.0 60.2
APPENDIX B
LATITUDE, LONGITUDE of NORTH AMERICAN CITIES
City State Latitude N Longitude W
Abilene TX 32 99
Akron OH 41 81
Albany NY 42 73
Albuquerque NM 35 106
Allentown PA 40 75
Alert NT 82 62
Altoona PA 40 78
Amarillo TX 35 101
Anchorage AK 61 149
Ann Arbor MI 42 83
Asheville NC 35 82
Ashland KY 38 82
Atlanta CA 33 84
Atlantic City NJ 39 74
Augusta GA 33 81
Augusta ME 44 69
Austin TX 30 97
Bakersfield CA 35 119
Baltimore MD 39 76
Bangor ME 44 68
Baton Rouge LA 30 91
Battle Creek MI 42 85
Bay City MI 43 83
Beaumont TX 30 94
Belleville ON 44 77
Bellingham WA 48 122
Berkeley CA 37 122
Bethlehem PA 40 75
Billings MO 45 108
Biloxi MS 30 88
Binghamton NY 42 75
Birmingham AL 33 86
Bismarck ND 46 100
Bloomington IL 40 88
Boise ID 43 116
Boston MA 42 71
Bowling Green KY 36 86
Brandon MB 49 99
Brantford ON 43 80
Brattleboro VT 42 72
Brockton MA 42 71
Brownsville TX 25 97
Burlington ON 43 79
Burlington VT 44 73
Butte MT 46 112
Calgary AB 51 114
Cambridge MA 42 71
Camden NJ 39 75
Canton OH 40 81
Carson City NV 39 119
Cedar Rapids IA 41 91
Central Islip NY 40 73
Champaign lL 40 88
Charleston SC 32 79
Charleston WV 38 81
Charlotte NC 35 80
Charlottetown PE 46 63
Chattanooga TN 35 85
Cheyenne WY 41 104
Chicago IL 41 87
Churchill MB 58 94
Cincinnati OH 39 84
Cleveland OH 41 81
Colorado Springs CO 38 104
Columbia MO 38 92
Columbia SC 34 81
Columbus GA 32 84
Columbus OH 39 83
Concord NH 43 71
Corpus Christi TX 27 97
Dallas TX 32 96
Dartmouth NS 44 63
Davenport IA 41 90
Dawson YT 64 139
Dayton OH 39 84
Daytona Beach FL 29 81
Decatur IL 39 88
Denver CO 39 104
Des Moines IA 41 93
Detroit MI 42 83
Dodge City KS 37 100
Dubuque IA 42 30
Duluth MN 46 92
Durham NC 36 78
Eau Claire WI 44 91
El Paso TX 31 106
Elizabeth NJ 40 74
Enid OK 36 97
Erie PA 42 80
Eureka CA 40 124
Evansville IN 37 87
Fairbanks AK 64 147
Fall River MA 41 71
Fargo ND 46 96
Flagstaff AZ 35 111
Flint MI 43 83
Ft. Smith AR 35 94
Fort Wayne IN 41 85
Fort Worth TX 32 97
Fredericton NB 45 66
Fresno CA 36 119
Gadsden AL 34 86
Gainesville FL 29 82
Gallup NM 35 108
Galveston TX 29 94
Gary IN 41 87
Grand Junction CO 39 108
Grand Rapids MI 42 85
Great Falls MT 47 111
Green Bay WI 44 88
Greensboro NC 36 79
Greenville SC 34 82
Guelph ON 43 80
Gulfport MS 30 89
Halifax NS 44 63
Hamilton ON 43 79
Hamilton OH 39 84
Harrisburg PA 40 76
Hartford CT 41 72
Helena MT 46 112
Hilo HI 19 155
Holyoke MA 42 72
Honolulu HI 21 157
Houston TX 29 95
Hull PQ 45 75
Huntington WV 38 82
Huntsville AL 34 86
Indianapolis IN 39 86
Iowa City IA 41 91
Jackson MS 32 90
Jacksonville FL 30 81
Jersey City NJ 40 74
Johnstown PA 40 78
Joplin MO 37 94
Kalamazoo MI 42 85
Kansas City KS 39 94
Kansas City MO 39 94
Kenosha WI 42 87
Key West FL 24 81
Kingston ON 44 76
Kitchener ON 43 80
Knoxville TN 35 83
Lafayette IN 40 86
Lancaster PA 40 76
Lansing Ml 42 84
Laredo TX 27 99
La Salle PQ 45 73
Las Vegas NV 36 115
Laval PQ 45 73
Lawrence MA 42 71
Lethbridge AB 49 112
Lexington KY 38 84
Lihue HI 21 159
Lima OH 40 84
Lincoln NE 40 96
Little Rock AR 34 92
London ON 42 81
Long Beach CA 33 118
Lorain OH 41 82
Los Angeles CA 34 118
Louisville KY 38 85
Lowell MA 42 71
Lubbock TX 33 101
Macon GA 32 83
Madison WI 43 89
Manchester NH 42 71
Marshall TX 32 94
Memphis TN 35 90
Meriden CT 41 72
Miami FL 25 80
Milwaukee WI 43 87
Minneapolis MN 44 93
Minot ND 48 101
Mississauga ON 43 79
Mobile AL 30 88
Moline IL 41 90
Moncton NB 46 64
Montgomery AL 32 86
Montpelier VT 44 72
Montreal PQ 45 73
Moose Jaw SK 50 105
Muncie IN 40 85
Natchez MS 31 91
Newark NJ 40 74
New Bedford MA 41 70
New Britain CT 41 72
New Haven CT 41 72
New Orleans LA 29 90
New York NY 40 73
Niagara Falls NY 43 79
Niagara Falls ON 43 79
Nome AK 64 165
Norfolk VA 36 76
North Bay ON 46 79
Oakland CA 37 122
Ogden UT 41 111
Oklahoma City OK 35 97
Omaha NE 41 95
Orlando FL 28 81
Oshawa ON 43 78
Ottawa ON 45 75
Paducah KY 37 88
Pasadena CA 34 118
Paterson NJ 40 74
Pensacola FL 30 87
Peoria IL 40 89
Peterborough ON 44 78
Philadelphia PA 39 75
Phoenix AZ 33 112
Pierre SD 44 100
Pittsburgh PA 40 80
Pittsfield MA 42 73
Pocatello ID 42 112
Port Arthur TX 29 93
Portland ME 43 70
Portland OR 45 122
Portsmouth NH 43 70
Portsmouth VA 36 76
Prince Rupert BC 54 130
Provo UT 40 111
Pueblo CO 38 104
Quebec City PQ 46 71
Racine WI 42 87
Rapid City SD 44 103
Raleigh NC 35 78
Reading PA 40 75
Regina SK 50 104
Richmond VA 37 77
Roanoke VA 37 79
Rochester MN 44 92
Rochester NY 43 77
Rockford IL 42 89
Sacramento CA 38 121
Saginaw MI 43 83
St. Catherines ON 43 79
St. Cloud MN 45 94
Saint John NB 45 66
St. Johns NF 47 52
St. Joseph MO 39 94
St. Louis MO 38 90
St. Paul MN 44 93
St. Petersburg FL 27 82
Salem OR 44 123
Salina KS 38 97
Salt Lake City UT 40 111
San Angelo TX 31 100
San Antonio TX 29 98
San Bernardino CA 34 117
San Diego CA 32 117
San Francisco CA 37 122
San Jose CA 37 121
San Juan Puerto Rico 18 66
Santa Barbara CA 34 119
Santa Cruz CA 36 122
Santa Fe NM 35 105
Sarasota FL 27 82
Saskatoon SK 52 106
Sault Ste. Marie ON 46 84
Savannah GA 32 81
Schenectady NY 42 73
Scranton PA 41 75
Seattle WA 47 122
Sheboygan WI 43 87
Sherbrooke PQ 45 71
Shreveport LA 32 93
Sioux City IA 42 96
Sioux Falls SD 43 96
Somerville MA 42 71
South Bend IN 41 86
Spartanburg SC 34 81
Spokane WA 47 117
Springfield IL 39 89
Springfield MA 42 72
Springfield MO 37 93
Springfield OH 39 83
Stamford CT 41 73
Stockton CA 37 121
Sudbury ON 46 80
Superior WI 46 92
Sydney NS 46 60
Syracuse NY 43 76
Tacoma WA 47 122
Tallahassee FL 30 84
Tampa FL 27 82
Terre Haute IN 39 87
Texarkana TX 33 94
Thunder Bay ON 48 89
Toledo OH 41 83
Topeka KS 39 95
Toronto ON 43 79
Trenton NJ 40 74
Trois-Rivieres PQ 46 72
Troy NY 42 73
Tucson AZ 32 110
Tulsa OK 36 95
Urbana IL 40 88
Utica NY 43 75
Vancouver BC 49 123
Victoria BC 48 123
Waco TX 31 97
Walla Walla WA 46 118
Washington DC 38 77
Waterbury CT 41 73
Waterloo IA 42 92
West Palm Beach FL 26 80
Wheeling WV 40 80
Whitehorse YT 60 135
White Plains NY 41 73
Wichita Falls TX 33 98
Wilkes-Barre PA 41 75
Wilmington DE 39 75
Wilmington NC 34 77
Windsor ON 42 83
Winnipeg MB 49 97
Winston-Salem NC 36 80
Worcester MA 42 71
Yakima WA 46 120
Yellowknife NT 62 114
Yonkers NY 40 73
York PA 39 76
Youngstown OH 41 80
Zanesville OH 39 82
WORLD CITIES
London UK 51 0
Paris France 48 2
Berlin Germany 52 13
Rome Italy 41 12
Warsaw Poland 52 21
Moscow USSR 55 37
Athens Greece 37 23
Jerusalem Israel 31 35
Johannesburg South Africa 26 28
Mexico City Mexico 19 99
New Delhi India 28 77
Peking China 39 116
Rio de Janeiro Brazil 22 43
Tokyo Japan 35 139
Sydney Australia 33 151
APPENDIX C
GE AMERICOM K-2 SATELLITE 81W
Legend
25 80 182 61
25 85 160 60
25 90 155 59
25 95 142 57
25 100 131 54
30 80 182 55
30 85 170 55
30 90 157 54
30 95 146 52
30 100 135 49
30 105 127 46
30 110 119 43
30 115 112 39
35 75 196 49
35 80 186 49
35 85 173 49
35 90 160 48
35 95 153 47
35 100 139 45
35 105 130 42
35 110 121 39
35 115 113 36
35 120 107 32
40 70 209 42
40 75 197 43
40 80 188 44
40 85 176 44
40 90 163 43
40 95 151 42
40 100 142 40
40 105 133 38
40 110 122 35
40 115 115 32
40 120 109 29
45 75 201 38
45 80 189 38
45 85 178 38
45 93 154 36
45 100 143 35
45 105 132 33
45 110 124 31
45 115 117 28
45 120 111 26
45 125 106 23
50 70 214 32
50 75 207 32
50 80 193 33
50 85 179 33
50 90 166 32
50 95 156 31
50 100 144 30
50 105 132 28
50 110 125 26
50 115 119 24
50 120 112 22
50 125 107 19
Appendix E
GE Americom K-2 FootPrint
